Petroleum is one of the most important organic compounds that are naturally occurring. Formation of petroleum is a liquid hydrocarbon with a complex molecular structure and is found in nearly every ecosystem on Earth. Petroleum can be found in many places around the world, but it generally occurs in sedimentary rocks such as shales, sandstones and ores.petroleum uses are unlimited in this era.there are many different types of petroleum.

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Petroleum: Formation of petroleum

The land on which we live is rich with many blessings of nature and one of these blessings is petroleum which man has been using continuously for the last one and a half hundred years. Do the work. 

Uses of petroleum

According to an estimate, 100 million barrels of crude oil, i.e. petroleum, are used daily around the world, which is equal to approximately 15 billion seventy million liters. That is to say, the whole world spends a large part of its wealth on petroleum alone. . 

Petroleum is a pale yellow or dark black odorous and flammable thick liquid that occurs naturally underground. Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a mixture of many chemical compounds, including methane gas. , diesel, petrol, kerosene, lubricating oil etc. Most of the petroleumThe components are hydrocarbons, i.e. components that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. However, some other components (elements) are also found, including sulphur, iron and copper etc. 

Scientists believe that thousands of years ago, dead animals and plants were accumulating at the bottom of the sea. With the passage of time, thick layers of soil were added to them. This continued until these dead animals and Plant components turn into petroleum due to high pressure, heat intensity and absence of airChanged. This theory is called organic theory which is considered more acceptable. 

The first time petroleum was extracted

Petroleum (crude oil) has been known to man since ancient times. It is even mentioned in the Bible. Berodetus is a famous historian who mentions an oil well near Babylon. 

Modern oil extraction was pioneered by James Young, a Glasgow engineer in 1850. He was the first to find out how to extract oil from layers and rocks. The first well in the world to extract oil was discovered by Colonel Drake in Pennsylvania, an American province. In 1859

This question must have arisen in your mind that how do oil companies trace oil, then the answer is that oil companies hire geologists, geophysicists and engineers for this work. Oil exploration is a very complex and risky task and it takes many years. Oil companies can also incur huge financial losses in oil exploration because many times oil companies find oil reserves anywhere. They don't get it and all their money is wasted

How Discover petroleum 

Oil prospectors carry out geological surveys of the earth to find oil and analyze different soil samples to determine how likely oil is to be found there. Three types of techniques including magnetic seismic and gravity are usedFor example, in seismic techniques, sound waves are sent to the inner surface of the Earth. When the sound waves hit the rocks in the ground and return to the receiver, their time and computer images are used to study the characteristics of the rocks. If there is a high probability of oil being found in that place, then finally thereExcavation is started. Oil companies can also suffer huge financial losses in oil exploration because sometimes oil companies do not find oil deposits anywhere and all their money is wasted. 

When oil prospectors are sure that oil is expected to be found in such and such a place, a heavy machine called a rig is installed at a suitable place in the area. An auger, i.e. a drilling tool, and a pipe are suspended in it. When the wheel rotates, the augerThe hole in the ground starts boring. Sometimes two hundred feet deep and sometimes thousand feet boring has to be done. The taps reach the oil level, the oil starts rising automatically due to the pressure and sometimes Sometimes it is brought up with the help of a pipe. Samples of the soil and rock that come up from the tap are sent to experts so they can test what kind of soil and rock Burma has cut. is collected. Oil comes out

This excavation work costs at least billions of rupees and sometimes all the hard work and effort is wasted when it turns out that there is nothing underneath. 

Formation of petroleum

Crude oil that comes out of the ground, i.e. petroleum, is a mixture of many components, so we cannot use it directly as fuel. Therefore, it is sent to oil refineries, i.e. oil refining factories, for cleaning petroleum. As when petroleum is heated, its temperature when 70 FIf it reaches the height, the vapors produced will be gases like methane gas. Similarly, when petroleum is heated further and its temperature reaches 300 Fahrenheit, the vapors produced from petroleum will be gasoline because gasoline has a boiling point of 300 Fahrenheit. This process is done for all components. After that, the vapors of all these components are cooled and the components are separated. This process is called fractional distillation and this process is carried out in a distillation tower. 

Oil (petroleum) is classified in three ways:

1) Where was it extracted from (geography)? 

2) How much sulfur is in it? 

3) What is its API gravity? 

Classification by geography

Most oil comes from only three sources. One type of oil is Brent crude. It comes from 15 different oil fields in the North Sea between the European countries of Scotland and Norway. These areas supply oil to most of Europe. 

West Texas Intermediate (WTI) is a light oil. It is mostly produced in Texas. WTI supplies oil to North America. This oil is "light" and "sweet". 

Finally, there is Dubai Crude, also known as Dubai-Oman Crude. This crude oil is produced in the Middle East. This oil is mostly exported to Asia. These oils are "mild" and "sour". 

Sulfur content

Sulfur is often found in petroleum. It is a poisonous gas that is harmful to our environment. If the amount of sulfur in petroleum is high, then such petroleum is called crude petroleum. So such petroleum is called sweet petroleum. Sweet oil is usually from sour oilIt is more valuable because it does not require as much refining and is less harmful to the environment. If the sulfur content of petroleum is 0.5 or less, such petroleum is called sweet petroleum or oil. But if the sulfur content is more than 0.5, such petroleum is called sour petroleum. Found in the Emirates. 

API gravity is a measure of how much thicker petroleum is than water. If the API gravity value is more than 10, it means that the density of petroleum is less than water and it floats on water. Whereas an API value of 10 means that petroleum is water. is denser than kerosene and it sinks in water. Lighter petroleum is preferred because they have moreare hydrocarbons. Heavy oils contain more metals (iron, copper, etc.) and sulfur, and require more refining.